The Archives section of IJACIP allows you to access all previously published issues of the journal. Each archive contains full-text articles, reviews, and case studies, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers and professionals seeking information on past developments in ambulatory care and industrial pharmacy.
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Volume 2
Issue 2 JULY – DECEMBER 2025
Volume 2(Issue 2) JULY – DECEMBER 2025 Research Articles
Evaluation of Stability and Potencies of Compounded Suspensions in Oncology Day Care
Vol.2(2); Pages:1-9. Published on September 2025
Abstract
Custom-made oral formulations can be frequently needed by patients under ambulatory oncology in case of unavailable commercial liquid formulations. In this work, the stability, potency and formulary of extemporaneously compounded oral suspension of capecitabine and cyclophosphamide using oral vehicle bases were compared. The physical, chemical and microbiological stability of the formulations was determined at refrigerator and room temperature with a maximum period of 30 days. The findings indicated that none of the suspensions lost more than 90% of its potency, and there was no remarkable variation in pH and microbial formations. Subsequent responses to 40 patients evaluated as caregivers presented an excellence level of acceptability and dose accuracy. The results favor the usability of the pharmacy-compounded oral suspension as safe and effective administration in the outpatient oncology care environment thus offers the patient a viable alternative when unable to take tablets or cannot respond to standardized and standardized treatment.
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Enhancing medication Safety and waste reduction: Unit dose dispensing in ambulatory surgery
Vol.2(2); Pages:10-21. Published on September 2025
Abstract
Unit dose dispensing has been known to provide an improvement in the safety of medication in cases of inpatient operation but has not been much applied in ambulatory surgical clinics. The proposed implementation and outcome evaluation study was a research interested in examining the impact of the implementation of unit dose dispensing system on two ambulatory surgery centers. In a span of 8 weeks, the effect on drug errors, dispensing time and drug wastage was measured in the study. Findings identified a decrease of medication errors of 42.3 percent (p < 0.01), a 23 percent increase in dispensing efficiency, and 37.8 percent reduction in the waste of pharmaceuticals. The surveys of staff members also proved more satisfaction with workflow performance and medication safety. These results indicate that significant clinical and operational gains could be achieved by modifying hospital-based dispensing processes in the ambulatory surgical practice for enhanced drug safety, enhanced efficiency of the dispensing process, and eliminated waste, in effect contributing toward more sustainable and effective outpatient surgical practice.
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Evaluating Drive-Through Pharmacy Operations in Cities and Rural Areas: A Cross-National Estimation Study
Vol.2(2); Pages:22-32. Published on October 2025
Abstract
Drive-through pharmacy services have been used increasingly in the ambulatory care setting because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative research represented a comparative study designed to assess patient satisfaction, operational issues and service results in rural and urban clinics in Denmark and Oman. The information was gathered in accordance with 428 patient surveys and 15 guided staff interviews. It was found that urban locations were characterized by a greater throughput of patients whereas rural centers performed better when it comes to personalized communication and treatment of patients. In both the contexts more than eighty nine percent of the patients were favorable to taking services through the drive-through as opposed to the traditional counter-based services with one of the primary reasons cited to be that it is fast, convenient, and there is a lesser risk of getting infected. Nonetheless, the centers at rural areas had a problem with efficient provision of the services and in the cities, health centers suffered due to the patient peak hours. Part of the findings of the study exposes the need to develop context-specific pharmacy models that would incorporate needs of operation and preferences of patients and proposes policy reforms to continue drive-though services even after pandemic years.
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Stability and Regulatory Compliance of High-Risk Sterile Preparations in Ambulatory Oncology Pharmacies
Vol.2(2); Pages:33-42. Published on October 2025
Abstract
The challenges of sterile compounding in ambulatory oncology settings are unique especially during the preparation of high-alert chemotherapeutic agents where the strict adherence to the requirements of a regulatory body is needed to keep patients safe. This quality and stability risk assessment analysis was selected on the basis of the physical, chemical stability, microbial integrity and documentation compliance of the six most common sterile preparations that are compounded in ambulatory oncology pharmacies, among them paclitaxel, cisplatin and gemcitabine. During a 14-day preliminary testing time, the preparations were tested under the USP and EU GMP Annex 1 requirements using a set of HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), sterility, and particle testings. The findings revealed 100 percent potency acceptance limit and no microbial growth or physical degradation was observed in refrigerated conditions of all the tested CSPs. In addition, 92 percent of the files of preparation were in complete audit conformity with the requirements of the regulator. Twelve pharmacy employees were interviewed in order to determine that documentation complexity and resource constraints were major impediments to the pursuit of optimum compliance to the regulatory provisions. The analysis highlights the need to address the quality assurance processes by adopting simplified systems, standardized procedures of compounding, and extensive education of pharmacy staff to meet regulatory requirements and achieve safe sterile compounding practices in ambulatory oncology unit.
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Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Guided Adherence Monitoring Tool in Ambulatory Hypertension Care
Vol.2(2); Pages:43-52. Published on November 2025
Abstract
Inadequate compliance with the antihypertensive treatment is one of the main obstacles to optimal control of blood pressure in ambulatory care. The purpose of this work was to design and test a digital pill monitoring system combining the features of a pharmacist-led adherence monitoring system and patient counseling and motivation interviewing. It took place in 10 weeks and was carried out in conjunction with 2 ambulatory clinics and 128 clients that had uncontrolled hypertension. The compliance was observed with the help of smart pill caps that have connections with a mobile platform. The medication possession ratio (MPR), as a measure of baseline adherence, was only 62.3%; thus, adherence had improved greatly post-intervention to 84.7% (p < 0.001). What is more, 67 percent of patients reached their target blood pressure (<140 / 90 mmHg), which had been only 38 percent of them at baseline. Satisfaction with pharmacist involvement was high as reported by patients and among health care providers communication was better about challenges on medications. The intervention was properly combined with any existing processes, and it needed very few resources. This paper shows that the use of pharmacy-led digital interventions to enhance the outcome of chronic disease management is feasible and effective at least in resources-limited settings in ambulatory care.
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Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 2(Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Clinical Pharmacy Services’ Effect on Cancer Patients’ Results
Vol.2(1); Pages:1-10. Published on April 2025
Abstract
CPS serve as essential components for achieving optimal medication treatment results and better patient outcomes especially in oncology medical environments. Healthcare provider perceptions along with their expectations regarding these services play an influential role in how well they get integrated and work in practice. The research intends to analyze the medical staff members’ perceptions and expectations about clinical pharmacy services at a tertiary cancer center located in Qatar. The study examines the professional perspective of integrated value alongside practice hurdles that cause implementation challenges in addition to identifying necessary change points which support professional cooperation and medical treatment quality.A cross-sectional research investigation involved physicians, nurses, and additional health care personnel from Qatar’s leading oncology center as participants. Staff members completed structured questionnaires which measured their understanding and sentiments along with their anticipated benefits of clinical pharmacy services. The statistical analysis included both descriptive and inferential methods to uncover vital relationships in the data collection results.Results show healthcare providers understand clinical pharmacy benefits in patient care but establish significant restrictions during full integration processes. Barriers that prevent full integration include health provider low awareness concerning clinical pharmacy services together with workforce limitations and skill-related communication difficulties. The physicians believed clinical pharmacists should actively participate in individual treatment designs yet nurses felt that teamwork needs improvement regarding patient education methods and adherence practices.Outreach programs directed at oncology providers coupled with defined collaboration formats will make clinical pharmacy services more acceptable and useful for these medical facilities. Interdisciplinary team partnerships need emphasis for optimal achievement of patient treatment results and safety.
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Egypt’s Pharmacy Education Modernization: The Transition from B Pharm to Pharm D
Vol.2(1); Pages:11-19. Published on April 2025
Abstract
The educational system for pharmacy in Egypt went through substantial changes which both followed international healthcare trends while improving graduate abilities in pharmaceutical practice. A review assesses the transformation from B Pharm to Pharm D preparing students for advanced pharmacy training while considering the key motivations together with adopting barriers and resulting advantages of this educational transition. The shift occurred because pharmacists needed elevated clinical expertise and patient-focused practice abilities together with full healthcare teamwork participation. The traditional B Pharm curriculum stood mainly on theoretical learning frameworks but the Pharm D advanced to competency-driven models which intensify study of clinical pharmacy with application toward direct patient care.The program adoption follows international pharmacy education standards that established the Pharm D as the basic qualification for professional practice throughout the United States and Canada together with many European countries. Egypt has initiated the Pharm D curriculum because it will deliver better pharmaceutical care and better employment options while satisfying international accreditation requirements. This transformation brings various obstacles for educational institutions to handle regarding curriculum transformation and faculty skill development and resource management alongside student and teacher adjustment to the novel framework.This review performs a policy examination and education renovation inspection alongside international Pharm D program comparisons to investigate the program transition advantages and challenges. The research provides insights into healthcare service transformation in Egypt by evaluating workforce compatibility and educational quality standards for Pharm D candidates. Successful implementation of Pharm D education in Egypt depends on ongoing regulatory body support together with academic institution backing and continuous healthcare professional involvement.
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Multidisciplinary Strategy for Drug Compliance in a Swiss University Pharmacy
Vol.2(1); Pages:20-26. Published on April 2025
Abstract
Treatment results along with patient health depend heavily on the ability of patients to stick to their prescribed medications. A research analysis evaluates the interdisciplinary medication adherence program which operates at a Swiss university community pharmacy. Through combined pharmacist and healthcare professional and digital tool utilization the initiative delivers improved adherence by providing personalized patient education and monitoring and counseling services. The interdisciplinary program achieves better treatment results and patient participation together with enhanced healthcare delivery through collective professional work. The research demonstrates that community-based therapeutic interventions drive sustained patient adherence combined with enhanced therapeutic success.
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Assessment of the effects and outcomes of a program for pharmaceutical care leadership residency
Vol.2(1); Pages:27-32. Published on April 2025
Abstract
The Pharmaceutical care leadership residency programs focus on developing pharmacy practitioners with contemporary leadership abilities and both clinical expertise along with strategic decision making skills. This research examines a pharmaceutical care leadership residency program by assessing how it affects resident professional progress together with their leadership abilities while improving their patient-centered practices. The collected data demonstrates positive developments in leadership competencies as well as better collaboration between different disciplines and more inventive pharmaceutical patient care delivery. This research confirms that standardized leadership preparation programs create advanced pharmacy executives who will drive clinical practice forward.
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Pharmacist Care Transformation: Changing Duties and Patient-Centered Offerings
Vol.2(1); Pages:33-40. Published on April 2025
Abstract
The healthcare profession of pharmacy transforms its focus from pharmaceutical distribution roles to offer clinicalbased healthcare services that prioritize patients. This study examines the changing pharmacist care model through its assessment of pharmaceutical care delivery services and clinical practitioner duties and team-based medical partnerships. Healthcare needs complexity leads pharmacists to participate more actively in medication therapy management programs and chronic disease management besides providing patient counseling services and preventive care. The healthcare industry undergoes this transition because of changes in healthcare systems combined with technological progress and patient fulfillment requirements. The research examines published literature to analyze fundamental changes occurring in pharmacist healthcare delivery. Research shows pharmacists can provide significant benefits to healthcare results but regulatory rules must be changed and pharmacists require more skilled professionals and enough workforce to deliver these advantages. The research evaluates pharmacist-driven care practices that lead to patient satisfaction enhancement along with decreased hospital admissions at affordable costs. This changing practice requires policy-based support besides training improvement programs and increased understanding between healthcare staff and patients about the shift. Pharmacist care continues to transform as an essential healthcare model because it brings pharmacists to the core position of essential medical providers in current healthcare practice.
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Volume 1
Issue 2 JULY – DECEMBER 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 2) JuLY – dECEMBER 2024
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Vol.1(2); Pages:1-10. Published on August 2024
Abstract
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in pharmaceutical applications, offering high sensitivity and the ability to detect trace elements in complex matrices. This review explores the principles of ICP-OES, including its operational mechanisms and the advancements that enhance its application in pharmaceuticals. The technique is particularly beneficial for determining metal impurities in raw materials, monitoring quality control during drug manufacturing, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. We discuss various studies that illustrate the effectiveness of ICPOES in analyzing pharmaceutical products, including formulations and excipients, and highlight its role in pharmacokinetics and toxicological assessments. Additionally, the review addresses challenges such as matrix effects and the need for sample preparation, along with potential solutions. As regulatory frameworks increasingly emphasize the importance of elemental analysis, ICP-OES stands out as a reliable method for ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.
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Optimizing Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes: Enhancing Efficiency and Quality Control
Vol.1(2); Pages:11-20. Published on September 2024
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry is experiencing rapid growth and transformation, driven by advancements in biotechnology and increasing demand for innovative therapies. Optimizing biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes is crucial to meet these demands while ensuring efficiency and maintaining high-quality standards. This paper explores various strategies and technological advancements aimed at enhancing both upstream and downstream processing. Innovations in cell culture techniques, bioreactor design, and purification methods are discussed, along with the integration of continuous manufacturing technologies. The application of Quality by Design (QbD) principles is examined, highlighting its role in risk management and process validation. Automation and advanced process control systems are identified as key enablers for improving operational efficiency and product consistency. Regulatory compliance, particularly adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), is emphasized as a critical aspect of manufacturing. The challenges and solutions related to scalability and costeffective production are also addressed.
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Development and Evolution of Pharmacy Education in Nepal
Vol.1(2); Pages:21-29. Published on September 2024
Abstract
The development and evolution of pharmacy education in Nepal have been marked by significant changes over the years, reflecting the country’s efforts to meet international standards and address local healthcare needs. Initially focused on rudimentary training and limited access, pharmacy education in Nepal has grown to encompass a structured curriculum, formal recognition, and professional regulation. This evolution has been influenced by government policies, international collaborations, and advancements in scientific knowledge. Despite challenges such as resource limitations and the need for skilled faculty, the field has made strides towards enhancing quality and accessibility. The future of pharmacy education in Nepal holds promise for further growth, with a focus on integrating modern technologies and expanding the scope of practice.
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Pharmaceutical Audit Process, Outcomes, and Implications – An Overview
Vol.1(2); Pages:30-36. Published on November 2024
Abstract
The pharmaceutical audit process encompasses systematic evaluation and review of various aspects within pharmaceutical practice, including regulatory compliance, quality control, and operational efficiency. It is designed to ensure adherence to established standards, mitigate risks, and enhance patient safety. This overview examines the key elements of the pharmaceutical audit process, explores the outcomes that are typically achieved through these audits, and discusses the broader implications for stakeholders, including healthcare providers, regulatory agencies, and pharmaceutical companies.
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Pharmacovigilance in Multiple Myeloma Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evaluating Immunomodulatory Anti-myeloma Guidelines through the Kenyan AMPATH Framework
Vol.1(2); Pages:37-44. Published on December 2024
Abstract
This study provides a review of pharmacovigilance practices in the management of Multiple Myeloma (MM) care in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically focusing on the application of immunomodulatory therapies. Using the Kenyan AMPATH (Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare) framework, the research evaluates existing guidelines to identify gaps in safety monitoring and reporting. The AMPATH framework is a robust model for healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach to patient care and the integration of pharmacovigilance into routine clinical practice. The findings highlight challenges such as inadequate reporting systems, lack of access to advanced diagnostic tools, and limited healthcare infrastructure. Recommendations are made for strengthening pharmacovigilance mechanisms, enhancing capacity-building initiatives, and improving patient outcomes in the management of MM in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Issue 1 JANUARY – JUNE 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 1) JANUARY – JUNE 2024
Behavioral Theory of Alliance Portfolio Reconfiguration In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-10. Published on April 2024
Abstract
The pharmaceutical biotechnology sector is characterized by rapid innovation and the necessity for firms to constantly adapt their alliance portfolios to remain competitive. This study proposes a behavioral theory of alliance portfolio reconfiguration, focusing on how pharmaceutical biotechnology firms modify their network of alliances in response to both internal and external stimuli. Drawing on organizational behavior and strategic management literature, the study examines how factors such as past performance, learning, and environmental changes influence decision-making processes related to alliance reconfiguration. Using empirical data from a sample of leading pharmaceutical biotechnology firms, the research identifies key patterns and drivers behind the reconfiguration of alliance portfolios. The findings highlight that firms with diverse and flexible alliance strategies are better positioned to innovate and respond to market demands. Additionally, the study reveals that learning from past alliances and continuously updating alliance strategies based on performance feedback are critical for maintaining a competitive edge. This research contributes to the understanding of strategic alliance management by providing insights into the behavioral mechanisms that underpin alliance portfolio reconfiguration in a dynamic industry.
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Biotech Pharmaceuticals and Biotherapy: An Overview of Innovations and Applications
Vol.1(1); Pages:11-20. Published on April 2024
Abstract
The field of biotech pharmaceuticals and biotherapy has witnessed remarkable advancements, revolutionizing the treatment of various diseases through the development of innovative drugs and therapies. This overview delves into the latest innovations and applications within biotech pharmaceuticals, highlighting their impact on healthcare. Biotech pharmaceuticals, also known as biologics, are products derived from living organisms or their components, offering targeted treatments for conditions like viral diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The advent of biotherapy, which includes gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and cell-based therapies, has provided new avenues for personalized medicine and regenerative treatments. This paper explores the scientific principles underlying these technologies, the development process of biotech drugs, and the regulatory challenges they face. Furthermore, it examines the clinical applications and efficacy of these therapies, alongside their economic and ethical considerations. By providing a comprehensive overview of biotech pharmaceuticals and biotherapy, this paper aims to elucidate the transformative potential of these cutting-edge therapies in modern medicine.
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Challenges of Ethical labor in Pharmaceutical Governance: A Case Study from Ghana
Vol.1(1); Pages:21-30. Published on May 2024
Abstract
This paper delves into the complex landscape of pharmaceutical governance in Ghana, highlighting the ethical challenges faced by professionals in the industry. The pharmaceutical sector in Ghana, as in many developing countries, is riddled with systemic issues that complicate the maintenance of ethical standards. Through a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with pharmacists, regulatory officials, and industry stakeholders, this research uncovers the multifaceted dilemmas that these professionals encounter daily.The findings reveal that the pursuit of ethical labor within Ghana’s pharmaceutical sector is significantly hindered by factors such as inadequate regulatory frameworks, corruption, insufficient resources, and socio-economic pressures. These issues create an environment where maintaining a good conscience becomes exceedingly difficult for those committed to ethical practices. The study also examines the coping strategies employed by pharmaceutical professionals to navigate these ethical quandaries and the impact of these strategies on their professional integrity and mental wellbeing.Furthermore, the research discusses the broader implications of these ethical challenges on public health and the pharmaceutical industry’s overall trustworthiness in Ghana. Recommendations are made for strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing transparency, and providing better support systems for pharmaceutical professionals. By addressing these challenges, there is potential for significant improvements in both ethical standards and the overall effectiveness of the pharmaceutical sector in Ghana.
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Enhancing Patient Outcomes: The Role of Pharmacist Prescribing in Health Care Facilities
Vol.1(1); Pages:31-37. Published on May 2024
Abstract
Pharmacist prescribing has emerged as a pivotal component of contemporary health care, particularly within hospital and clinical settings. This model empowers pharmacists to contribute directly to patient care by prescribing medications, managing chronic diseases, and optimizing pharmacotherapy. The integration of pharmacist prescribing within health care facilities not only enhances medication management but also improves patient outcomes through a multidisciplinary approach to care. This paper explores the implementation of pharmacist prescribing, emphasizing its impact on medication safety, adherence, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, it discusses the regulatory framework, training requirements, and collaborative practices essential for successful integration. Case studies illustrating positive patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions further underscore the value of this practice. Ultimately, pharmacist prescribing represents a significant advancement in health care delivery, promoting a patient-centered approach that aligns with the goals of modern health care systems.
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Ethical Awareness and Perspectives of Pharmacy Students in Education
Vol.1(1); Pages:38-46. Published on June 2024
Abstract
This research investigates the ethical awareness and perspectives of pharmacy students regarding ethical issues in their education and future practice. As the role of pharmacists evolves in response to advancements in healthcare, it becomes increasingly vital to understand how ethics is integrated into pharmacy curricula and how students perceive ethical dilemmas they may encounter in their professional careers. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus group discussions, this study evaluates students’ understanding of ethical principles, their experiences with ethical training, and their confidence in addressing ethical challenges. Findings reveal significant gaps in ethical education and varying levels of awareness among students, highlighting the need for enhanced curricula that prioritize ethical reasoning and decision-making skills. The study aims to inform educational strategies that better prepare pharmacy students to navigate the complexities of ethical practice in the pharmacy profession.
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All articles in the archive are available for download in PDF format. If you encounter any issues or need assistance accessing older volumes, please contact us.
