The Archives section of the Journal of Regulatory and Homecare Pharmacy (JRHP) provides access to all previously published issues. Researchers, practitioners, and scholars can explore past articles, reviews, and case studies to gain historical perspectives and build on existing knowledge.
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Volume 2
Issue 1 JANUARY- JUNE 2025
Volume 2(Issue 1) JANUARY- JUNE 2025 Research Articles
Determining Optimal Pharmacist-to-Patient Ratios for Effective Clinical Pharmacy Service Delivery
Vol.2(1); Pages:1-9. Published on May 2025
Abstract
How many pharmacists work for each patient determines how effective and efficient clinical pharmacy services will be. The proper balance between pharmacists and patients enables full-scale medication management services with safe therapeutic practices and medical counseling. This study investigates how pharmacist-to-patient ratios directly affect clinical patient results and medication usage rates combined with general healthcare operational efficiency. Research on existing literature and healthcare settings demonstrates how workload distribution affects pharmacists’ ability to deliver value-based care services. The patient care facility’s complexity along with regulatory oversight and specific healthcare institution needs determine the suitable pharmacist staffing percentage. The study investigates digital health tools and artificial intelligence within pharmacy practice because they represent a solution to improve pharmacist efficiency while maintaining patient-centered care. The data highlights the importance of creating policy recommendations which efficiently manage workforce strength while maintaining patient care quality levels. Research efforts should concentrate on building mathematical models of dynamic pharmacy staff allocation as well as continuous patient health assessment systems and inter-team collaboration to optimize pharmacist staffing standards for quality service delivery.
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An Overview and Evaluation of a Pharmacy Graduate Course on Health Services Research Methods
Vol.2(1); Pages:10-18. Published on May 2025
Abstract
Health services research (HSR) performs a fundamental function to enhance healthcare service delivery together with patient results and policy advancement. This research details its evaluation process of a graduate pharmacy course on Health Services Research Methods which teaches students essential HSR conduct capabilities. The educational program includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods which teaches students about clinical investigation approaches from design to data acquisition to statistical application and research ethics standards. Lectures and case studies and group discussions with hands-on projects form the foundation of research instruction through which students learn practical applications in pharmacy practice. The course assessment utilized student surveys and pre-and post-course evaluations and teacher comments. Student research methodology understanding deepened according to assessment results which demonstrated enhanced capability for evaluation of published literature as well as creation of scholarly projects and statistical methodology application. The evaluation revealed advanced statistical methods’ complexity along with the requirement of improved interdisciplinary teamwork as key challenges during the study. This study demonstrates the fundamental need to infuse HSR training into pharmacy education for future pharmacists to perform evidence-based policy development and decision-making. The course should enhance interaction with students by adding active-learning methods that combine exposure to realistic research work along with opportunities for multidisciplinary association. The enhancement of HSR training in pharmacy graduate programs will enable institutions to provide students with better capabilities for addressing present-day healthcare issues through strong research methods.
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Fundamental Components of a National Virtual Mentorship Program for Pharmacy Trainees: A Perspective from the Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Vol.2(1); Pages:19-25. Published on May 2025
Abstract
A properly organized distant mentoring program across the country serves as the critical foundation for pharmacy trainee professional advancement along with expertise development and career advancement. The Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy identifies crucial parts for establishing successful virtual mentorship initiatives through this article. The essential components of this program require matched mentorship relationships with defined aims and virtual meeting requirements along with skills-based assistance and systematic evaluation standards. A program based on digital platforms helps bridge geographic distance to create professional relations and boost trainees’ clinical proficiency and leadership capabilities. The proposed system establishes a lasting and expandable method to deliver mentorship experiences within various pharmacy working environments.
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Recommendations for training cardiovascular pharmacy specialists in PGY-2 residency programs: An opinion from the ACCP Cardiology PRN
Vol.2(1); Pages:26-32. Published on May 2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular pharmacy specialists require specialized training because it enables them to improve patient care delivery and achieve better clinical results for heart disease patients. The Cardiology Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy presents essential recommendations for postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) residency programs within this opinion paper. Education that meets competency standards demonstrates importance together with teamwork and research involvement to create leaders for cardiovascular pharmacotherapy practice. These recommendations work to standardize training when their goal is to enhance national cardiovascular pharmacy practice quality and consistency.
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Collaborative Team-Based Care in Community Pharmacies: Existing Models and Best Practice Insights
Vol.2(1); Pages:33-40. Published on May 2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular pharmacy specialists require specialized training because it enables them to improve patient care Interdisciplinary team cooperation in pharmacy communities acts as a fundamental approach which boosts both patient results and drug security and health system efficiency. Multiple healthcare delivery systems unite pharmacists together with physicians and nurses as well as other professionals to deliver integrated patientcentered health care. The paper reviews present-day models while discussing proven collaboration methods for community pharmacies. It also presents recommendations for maximizing such partnerships. Successful collaboration depends on specific roles to fulfill, successful communication between team members and shared decision-making responsibility along with the implementation of digital health technology. Community pharmacy delivery of healthcare improves when best practices work together to build strong relationships between healthcare professionals.
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Volume 1
Issue 2 JULY – DECEMBER 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 2) JULY – DECEMBER 2024
Personalized medicine: the use of genetic information to tailor treatment plans to individual patients
Vol.1(2); Pages:1-7. Published on July 2024
Abstract
This approach aims to improve the efficacy and safety of therapies by considering each patient’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment. Advances in genomic technologies have enabled the identification of genetic variants that influence drug metabolism, efficacy, and the risk of adverse effects. By integrating genetic data into clinical decision-making, healthcare providers can select the most appropriate medications and dosages, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes and reducing the likelihood of adverse drug reactions. This paper explores the current state of personalized medicine, highlighting key examples in oncology, cardiology, and pharmacogenomics. It also discusses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with implementing personalized medicine in routine clinical practice, such as data privacy, cost, and the need for healthcare provider education. The findings suggest that personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize patient care, but widespread adoption will require addressing these challenges. Personalized medicine leverages genetic information to tailor treatment plans to the individual characteristics of each patient, marking a significant advancement in healthcare. By analyzing genetic variants, clinicians can predict how a patient will respond to certain medications, allowing for more precise and effective treatment strategies. For instance, in oncology, genetic profiling of tumors helps in selecting targeted therapies that are more likely to be effective based on the specific mutations present in a patient’s cancer cells. In cardiology, genetic testing can identify patients at risk for drug-induced arrhythmias, enabling safer prescribing practices. Pharmacogenomics, a key component of personalized medicine, focuses on how genetic differences among individuals affect their response to drugs, guiding dosage adjustments and drug choice to minimize adverse effects and maximize therapeutic benefits. However, the integration of personalized medicine into standard clinical practice poses challenges, including the need for extensive education of healthcare providers, concerns about genetic data privacy, and the high costs associated with genetic testing and analysis. Despite these challenges, the potential of personalized medicine to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs makes it a promising area of ongoing research and clinical development.
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Pharmacy business: operations, management, and entrepreneurship in pharmacies, covering subjects like marketing, employee training, and inventory control.
Vol.1(2); Pages:8-17. Published on August 2024
Abstract
This abstract provides an overview of the critical aspects of operations, management, and entrepreneurship in the pharmacy business, focusing on essential elements such as marketing, employee training, and inventory control. Successful pharmacy operations hinge on effective marketing strategies to attract and retain customers, utilizing digital platforms and community engagement to build a strong brand presence. Employee training is pivotal, ensuring that staff are knowledgeable, customer-oriented, and compliant with regulatory standards, thus enhancing service quality and operational efficiency. Robust inventory control systems are essential for maintaining optimal stock levels, minimizing waste, and ensuring the availability of critical medications. Entrepreneurship in pharmacy involves identifying and capitalizing on new business opportunities, such as expanding services to include wellness programs and personalized medicine. This comprehensive approach to pharmacy management not only improves the profitability and sustainability of the business but also enhances patient care and community health outcomes.
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WHO Pharmacovigilance Core Curriculum for University Teaching: A Focus on Clinical Aspects for Future Healthcare Professionals
Vol.1(2); Pages:18-26. Published on October 2024
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is a critical component in ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems and the global use of pharmacological interventions, it is essential that future healthcare professionals are well-versed in the principles of pharmacovigilance. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a Pharmacovigilance Core Curriculum to address this need. This curriculum provides an evidence-based framework for integrating PV into university education, with a specific focus on clinical aspects. The curriculum aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills required to detect, assess, understand, and prevent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors in clinical practice. By emphasizing clinical decision-making, patient safety, and regulatory processes, the WHO PV Core Curriculum supports the development of a competent workforce capable of contributing to the continuous monitoring and improvement of drug safety.
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Emerging Trends and Innovations in Pharmacovigilance: Advancements in Drug Safety Monitoring
Vol.1(2); Pages:27-35. Published on November 2024
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance, the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or any other drug-related problems, plays a critical role in safeguarding public health. Recent advancements in pharmacovigilance have brought about significant improvements in the way drug safety is monitored and managed. Emerging trends include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to analyze vast amounts of data from diverse sources such as electronic health records (EHRs), social media platforms, and spontaneous reporting systems. These technologies enhance the early detection of ADRs and contribute to more precise risk assessment. Additionally, the use of real-time data from mobile health apps and wearable devices is revolutionizing post-marketing surveillance, enabling the continuous monitoring of drug safety in the real world. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics is becoming a pivotal tool in understanding how genetic factors influence drug response, thereby improving personalized medicine approaches and minimizing ADRs. Collaborative global pharmacovigilance networks, supported by data-sharing initiatives, are also fostering a more comprehensive understanding of drug safety. This article explores these emerging trends and innovations in pharmacovigilance, highlighting their potential to reshape drug safety monitoring practices, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to the development of safer, more effective medications.
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Advancements in Pharmacological Research and Toxicology: Current Trends and Future Directions
Vol.1(2); Pages:36-46. Published on December 2024
Abstract
Pharmacological research and toxicology have undergone significant advancements in recent years, reflecting the evolving landscape of drug discovery, safety assessments, and therapeutic innovations. The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), nanotechnology, and personalized medicine has accelerated the pace at which new drugs are discovered and brought to market. One of the most notable developments is the increasing role of pharmacogenomics, enabling the tailoring of drug therapies based on individual genetic profiles to improve efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Furthermore, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based technologies, have emerged, offering enhanced precision in targeting specific cells and tissues, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes while reducing systemic toxicity.In toxicology, there is a growing emphasis on predictive models and in silico tools that can simulate human responses to drugs, providing valuable insights into potential risks without the need for extensive animal testing. The field of environmental toxicology has also gained traction as concerns about pharmaceutical contamination in ecosystems rise, leading to new approaches in drug waste management and sustainability. Additionally, regulatory agencies are adapting to these advancements by revising standards for preclinical and clinical testing, and enhancing post-market surveillance systems to ensure patient safety. Despite these advances, challenges remain in harmonizing global regulatory frameworks, ensuring ethical conduct in research, and overcoming limitations in predicting long-term toxicological effects.This review explores the latest trends in pharmacology and toxicology, examining the integration of novel technologies, the shift toward personalized treatments, and the regulatory and ethical considerations that will shape the future of these fields.
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Issue 1 JANUARY – JUNE 2024
Research Articles Volume 1 (Issue 1) JANUARY – JUNE 2024
A Synopsis of Tablets and Their Types in Pharmacy
Vol.1(1); Pages:1-8. Published on April 2024
Abstract
Tablets are a popular form of medication delivery, known for their convenience, stability, and ease of use. This overview provides a concise examination of tablets, highlighting their various types and characteristics. Tablets can be classified into several categories, including immediate-release, extended-release, and enteric-coated tablets, each designed to meet specific therapeutic needs. Immediate-release tablets dissolve quickly in the stomach, providing rapid onset of action, while extended-release tablets are formulated to release the active ingredient gradually over time, allowing for less frequent dosing. Enteric-coated tablets are designed to resist stomach acid, ensuring that the medication is released in the intestines. Additionally, the overview discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type, as well as considerations for patient adherence and safety. Understanding the different types of tablets can aid healthcare professionals and patients in making informed decisions regarding medication management.
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Factors Influencing Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles-Protein Corona Interaction in Drug Delivery Applications
Vol.1(1); Pages:9-19. Published on May 2024
Abstract
The interaction between chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) and the protein corona is a critical determinant in their performance as drug delivery systems. This interaction influences the nanoparticles’ biocompatibility, biodistribution, cellular uptake, and therapeutic efficacy. Several factors, including the physicochemical properties of chitosan (molecular weight, degree of deacetylation), surface charge, hydrophobicity, and particle size, play a significant role in modulating protein corona formation around CSNPs. Environmental conditions, such as pH, ionic strength, and the composition of biological fluids, further impact the dynamic process of protein adsorption. Once formed, the protein corona can alter the surface properties of the nanoparticles, affecting their interaction with cellular receptors and transport mechanisms. Understanding the complex relationship between the protein corona and chitosan-based nanoparticles is essential for optimizing drug delivery applications. Tailoring the surface properties of CSNPs and controlling the protein corona can enhance targeted drug delivery, reduce offtarget effects, and improve therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore the key factors influencing the interaction between chitosan-based nanoparticles and the protein corona, shedding light on how these factors impact drug delivery efficacy.
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Existing Policies and Formulas: Combination therapy and patient-centered, individualized care
Vol.1(1); Pages:20-26. Published on May 2024
Abstract
The implementation of combination therapy within the framework of patient- centered, individualized care. As healthcare continues to evolve, the need for personalized treatment strategies has become increasingly evident, particularly in managing complex conditions that require multi-faceted therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy, which involves the use of multiple medications to treat a single condition, presents both opportunities and challenges in this context. This study examines current policies that influence the application of combination therapy, assessing their alignment with the principles of individualized care. Additionally, it highlights the importance of tailoring treatment plans to the unique needs of each patient, considering factors such as genetic profile, lifestyle, and comorbidities. The findings suggest that while existing policies provide a foundation for effective combination therapy, there is a growing need for more flexible and adaptive frameworks that support truly personalized healthcare. Future recommendations include the integration of advanced technologies, such as pharmacogenomics and digital health tools, to enhance the precision and effectiveness of combination therapy in clinical practice.
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Insulin- Pharmacology, Therapeutic Regimens and Principles of Intensive Insulin Therapy
Vol.1(1); Pages:27-34. Published on June 2024
Abstract
Insulin therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management, pivotal for controlling blood glucose levels and preventing complications. This abstract provides an overview of insulin pharmacology, therapeutic regimens, and the principles of intensive insulin therapy. Insulin, a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake and metabolism of glucose. Various insulin formulations, including rapidacting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulins, offer different pharmacokinetic profiles to meet individual patient needs. Therapeutic regimens are tailored based on factors such as the type of diabetes, patient lifestyle, and glycemic goals, often incorporating a combination of different insulin types to achieve optimal control. Intensive insulin therapy, characterized by frequent monitoring and adjustment of insulin doses, aims to maintain near-normal blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing the risk of diabetes-related complications. This approach requires careful balance and patient education to avoid issues such as hypoglycemia and insulin resistance. Understanding these principles is essential for developing effective treatment plans and improving patient outcomes in diabetes management.
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Management of Disease State: Medications and therapy choices for managing long-term health issues like diabetes, high blood pressure, and asthma.
Vol.1(1); Pages:35-41. Published on June 2024
Abstract
The management of chronic disease states such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma is multifaceted, requiring a comprehensive approach that includes medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and continuous monitoring. This review explores the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies employed in the long-term management of these conditions. For diabetes, treatment regimens often include insulin therapy, oral hypoglycemics, and newer agents like GLP-1 receptor agonists, combined with dietary and exercise interventions. Hypertension management typically involves a combination of antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics, alongside lifestyle changes like salt reduction and weight management. Asthma control is achieved through the use of inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and biologic agents, with an emphasis on avoiding triggers and adhering to an asthma action plan. Effective management of these chronic conditions relies on individualized treatment plans, patient education, and regular follow-ups to adjust therapy and ensure optimal outcomes.
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Accessing the archives allows you to trace the evolution of key topics and the growth of knowledge in the field of regulatory and homecare pharmacy. Each issue is fully searchable and available for download.
