Journal of Research in Pharmaceutics (JRP) proudly presents the latest research and developments in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Our current issue features a diverse range of articles, including original research, reviews, and case studies, all aimed at advancing knowledge and practice in the field.
Featured Articles in the Latest Issue
- Volume 2(Issue 2) JULY – DECEMBER 2025
Research Articles
Characterization and Advancement of Mucoadhesive Buccal Clonidine Film to treat Hypertension in Pediatrics
Vol.2(2); Pages:1-9. Published on September 2025
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension is an ever-growing disease and, in many countries, its prevalence is constantly on the rise; however, most of the traditional oral dosage forms do not satisfy all the objectives peculiar to the child population, i.e. flexibility and compliance to the dose. The purpose of this research was to formulate and to characterize mucoadhesive buccal films of clonidine hydrochloride with a view to providing an alternative to the conventional oral preparations in the management of hypertension in children. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, and glycerol were chosen and improved in order to produce the thin films through the solvent casting technique. The films produced did not disappoint in their folding properties, tensile strength, and even drug dispersion. The drug release studies conducted in-vitro revealed that more than 85 percent of the drug was released in 30 minutes whereas the ex-vivo mucoadhesion lasted much longer than 4 hours showing good adhesive characteristics.
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Design and Assessment of Curcumin-Impregnated Transfersomal Gel of Increased Transdermal Delivery
Vol.2(2); Pages:10-17. Published on September 2025
Abstract
Curcumin is a strong natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent which is well known as having therapeutical properties, but it has low aqueous solubility and low systemic bioavailability. In order to overcome these limits, this study has been designed in such a way that it will make a transfersomal gel to ramp up the transdermal absorption and also increase the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. Transfersome was made in thin-film hydration method with phosphatidylcholine, Tween 80, and cholesterol as the surfactant and loaded into a Carbopol 940 gel base. The vesicles were reinforced with very favorable physicochemical properties with mean particle size of 134.6 nm, entrapment efficiency of 92.4 percent and a zeta potential of -32.1 mV earmarking them with a stable dispersion. In vitro drug release proffered a continuous diffusion of curcumin of 24 hours whereas the ex-vivo skin penetration study using pig ear skin showed much greater drug flux in the skin as compared to the plain curcumin gel.
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Fast-Dissolving Sublingual Tablets of Rizatriptan Benzoate Development and Optimization by Quality by Design
Vol.2(2); Pages:18-26. Published on October 2025
Abstract
The treatment of migraine necessitates a speed of action and a sublingual tablet with fast dissolution is of interest as the dosage form of an acute treatment. This research piece attempted to appear and refine sublingual tablets of rizatriptan benzoate applying a Quality by Design (QbD) approach, so that both effectiveness and patienth adherence could be guaranteed. A 3 2 factorial design was used to determine the influence of superdisintegrant concentration (crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate) and binder (PVP K30) on hardness of the tablet, disintegration time and profile of drug release. The tablets were formulated through direct compression and were evaluated in terms of weight variation, friability, wetting time, in-vitro dispersion and quantity of drugs. The optimized formulation exhibited the disintegration time in 22 seconds and 98.6 percent drug release in 5 minutes, which is a good candidate to serve the rapid action in application. There was no interaction between drug and the excipient determined by FTIR and DSC analysis and the surface texture exhibited a uniform distribution of particles. It was found that taste masking was attained through aspartame and citric acid and it was further asserted by the aid of human volunteer panel taste testing. The QbD methodology led to a statistically valid and scalable recipe, desirable physicochemical properties, which would support the prospect of QbD as an acute migraine fer ith a direct treatment role.
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Formulation and Characterization of gastroretentive Floating Microspheres of Metformin Hydrochloride as Controlled Release
Vol.2(2); Pages:27-35. Published on October 2025
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride, which is widely used in the management of diabetes type 2, has small absorption time in the upper gastro intestinal tract and low in half life, which necessitates a multi dose effect. In answer to these challenges, this paper intended to prepare gastroretentive floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride by emulsion solvent diffusion method. This was aimed at increasing the gastric retention time and at attaining drug release control. The choice of the polymers was ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K15M) and the ratio of their combinations varied during the formulation. The microspheres were formed as blister-like structures or spheres with an average particle size of 185-292 0m with entrapment efficiency varying between 80-93 percent. Buoyancy was confirmed in-vitro in floating studies of more than 12 hours and sustained drug release was observed exceeding 16 hours in dissolution studies in simulated gastric fluid following Higuchi kinetics. The microspheres were found to have smooth and porous surfaces and this provides the ability to float and release drugs under control as observed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The abundant formulation displayed favourable flow characteristics with the drug content in the reproducible formulation, hence making it a viable platform in minimising the dosing frequency and maximising patient compliance in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Cocrystal engineering dissolution enhancement and solid-State characterization of poorly soluble efavirenz
Vol.2(2); Pages:36-44. Published on November 2025
Abstract
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Efavirenz has wide application in HIV treatment, the poor water-solubility has become a limitation because it has poor bioavailability. To solve this problem, in the current work the authors research the effect of cocrystal engineering in improving the dissolution characteristics of efavirenz. The cocrystals were prepared as pharmaceutical efavirenz cocrystals with different coformers; such as nicotinamide, saccharin and benzoic acid. Solvent evaporation technique was used to prepare the cocrystals which were characterized by different solid state techniques to confirm that they were crystalline and that there was interaction between the drug and the coformer. These methods involved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Of all the cocrystals, efavirenz nicotinamide combination was the most soluble and faster in dissolution with a 4.8 times greater improvement of drug release after 30 minutes of the release compared to the pure efaviren.
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